A Systematic Review of Dynamic Disease Phenotyping in Plant Pathology

Genome-enabled breeding of taro and other edible aroids: an evidence-based review

Plant-parasitic Nematodes in Indian Agriculture: Risks, Dissemination Pathways and Mitigation Strategies

Plant-parasitic nematodes are a persistent yet inconsistently quantified biotic constraint in Indian cropping systems. A small number of national loss estimates circulate widely in the Indian literature, shape research priorities and are reproduced in the introductions of a large proportion of subsequent papers, yet the evidential structure of those estimates has rarely been examined. This review evaluates the strength, internal consistency and methodological adequacy of the published evidence on plant-parasitic nematodes in Indian agriculture, concentrating on four interlinked problems: the derivation and reliability of crop loss estimates; the changing composition of damaging species assemblages; diagnostic capacity; and the quality of evidence supporting management recommendations. Literature published between 2001 and May 2026 was identified through openly accessible bibliographic indexes and metadata registries, supplemented by backward citation tracking from recent reviews and by verification of bibliographic identity against publisher and registry records. The synthesis indicates that the most frequently cited national loss figure rests on aggregation of long-accumulated coordinated project data rather than on contemporaneous nationally representative sampling, and that the field-level studies which contribute to such aggregates typically rely on nematicide-based paired-plot designs whose treatment effects cannot be attributed to nematode suppression alone. The species assemblage causing economic damage appears to be shifting, with the rice root-knot nematode expanding in irrigated and aerobic rice systems and a virulent root-knot species recorded on an increasing range of hosts, although the underlying evidence consists largely of localised surveys and first reports that cannot establish rate of spread. Diagnostic capacity emerges as a rate-limiting constraint: morphological identification shows only moderate inter-observer agreement, and molecular and community-profiling methods remain concentrated in a small number of laboratories and are sensitive to methodological choices. Management evidence is strongly weighted towards short-duration pot and single-season trials, with limited multi-season field replication. Priorities include standardised loss assessment, distributed diagnostic capacity and durable field validation of biological and integrated approaches.

From Outbreak to Innovation: Mapping Global Coffee Rust Research Trends and Solutions

Coffee Leaf Rust (CLR), caused by the fungus Hemileia vastatrix , remains a significant threat to global coffee production and leads to considerable annual economic losses. This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of global research on coffee rust, focusing on disease management strategies and international collaboration patterns. A total of 510 English‐language publications from 1976 to 2025, sourced from the Web of Science Core Collection, were analyzed using R with Bibliometrix (Version 4.5.1) and VOSviewer (Version 1.6.20). The results identify three distinct publication phases and an annual growth rate of 6.3%. Early research emphasized pathology and host‐pathogen interactions, while later studies shifted toward disease management and molecular approaches. Recent investigations increasingly employ genomic tools, assess climate impacts, and incorporate artificial intelligence for early disease detection. Host resistance and field‐level management have become central research themes, underscoring a persistent gap in understanding the relationship between genetics and climate change. Geographical analysis highlights Brazil, the United States, and France as leading contributors. While Portugal and France participate in international collaborations, their overall research output remains limited. The study proposes sustainable strategies to mitigate the threat posed by Hemileia vastatrix , guiding researchers, policymakers, and funding organizations to address evolving pathogen‐climate interactions.

Status, Challenges, and Future Perspectives in the Genetic Improvement of Major Oilseed Crops: A Critical Narrative Review

The evidence indicates that breeding has delivered clear gains in adaptation, hybrid performance, oil composition and resistance to selected diseases, but progress is markedly less consistent for complex traits expressed across variable environments.

Insecticide Resistance in Indian Vegetable Ecosystems: A Critical Appraisal of Toxicological Mechanisms, Resistance Frequencies and Control Options

Vegetable production in India depends heavily on repeated insecticide application, and the arthropod species that dominate these systems have responded with rapid and repeated adaptation. The result is a control problem that is simultaneously toxicological, ecological and institutional, yet the literature describing it remains fragmented across pest-specific and state-specific studies that are seldom read against one another. This critical narrative review examines what is currently known about the toxicology of insecticide resistance in Indian vegetable cropping systems, organised around three questions: which physiological and molecular mechanisms are actually demonstrated in Indian populations, how reliably resistance frequency can be estimated from the available monitoring data, and which control measures are supported by evidence rather than by plausibility alone. Literature was identified through structured searching of accessible scholarly indexes and citation networks, with every retained source verified against its bibliographic record. The synthesis indicates that mechanistic understanding in Indian material is dominated by indirect biochemical inference, principally synergist ratios and enzyme assays, while direct molecular confirmation of target-site alleles or specific detoxification genes remains confined to a small number of pests, chiefly the diamondback moth, the whitefly species complex and the eggplant fruit and shoot borer. Reported resistance ratios span several orders of magnitude for the same compound across studies, but much of this variation is attributable to inconsistent reference strains, differing bioassay formats and unstandardised sampling rather than to true biological difference, which makes national frequency estimates unreliable. Evidence for control tactics is similarly uneven: rotation by mode-of-action group and the deployment of transgenic eggplant rest on comparatively strong reasoning and, in the latter case, on field data from the wider region, whereas insecticide mixtures, synergist-based tactics and many biopesticide recommendations remain supported mainly by short-term efficacy trials that cannot demonstrate durability. Residue monitoring shows widespread but generally sub-threshold contamination of vegetables, indicating that dietary risk and resistance are related but not interchangeable concerns. Priorities identified include a harmonised national bioassay and reference-strain framework, molecular diagnostics deployed at population scale, and management trials designed with resistance durability rather than seasonal yield as the primary outcome.

Integrative Pathometric and Molecular Analysis to Characterize Slow Disease Development in Blackgram Germplasm Against Erysiphe polygoni