Intelligence Under Time Constraints: Rethinking Test-Time Compute
TL;DR
A research agenda on computation under evolving evidence is proposed, prioritizing selective recovery under controlled evidence revisions, and evaluation should separate earlier-execution effects, deployment value against a full-input alternative, and the added value of predictive policies, while accounting for shared-resource costs.
Abstract
Intelligence under time constraints requires deciding not only how much to compute, but when computation is worth starting. We study this problem in streaming interactions, where evidence arrives incrementally and may be revised. Early computation has more time to finish but rests on incomplete evidence; waiting improves information while shrinking computational slack. We call this the information-slack dilemma. We take the evidence-dependent computational job as the unit of analysis: when to start it, what supports its result, and when that result can be committed. Advance computation is valuable only insofar as its benefits survive the costs of verification, invalidation, and recovery. This applies to grounded incremental processing and reusable preparation as well as future-dependent speculation. We propose a research agenda on computation under evolving evidence, prioritizing selective recovery under controlled evidence revisions. Evaluation should separate earlier-execution effects, deployment value against a full-input alternative, and the added value of predictive policies, while accounting for shared-resource costs. The objective is not maximal advance computation, but more trustworthy, on-time responses within a declared resource envelope.
