Sharp Error Estimates for a Fully Discrete Finite Element Method for Semilinear SPDEs with Multiplicative Noise and Nonsmooth Initial Data

Abstract

This article establishes sharp strong error estimates for the fully discrete approximation of semilinear parabolic stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) driven by multiplicative noise and subject to nonsmooth initial data. The spatial discretization is based on a standard finite element method, coupled with the linearly implicit Euler scheme in time. By mapping the diffusion operator into negative fractional spaces, our framework accommodates both trace-class and space-time white noise. For nonsmooth initial data, by decoupling the noise regularity parameter $\beta \in (0,2)$ from the initial data regularity parameter $\mu \in (0,2]$, we derive sharp regularity estimates that isolate the exact loss of initial regularity into an integrable temporal singularity. Furthermore, we establish sharp strong convergence rates of $O(h^{\beta-\varepsilon} + k^{\frac{1}{2}\min\{\beta-\varepsilon, 1\}})$ for $\varepsilon>0$ away from $t = 0$. Finally, we consider physically relevant stochastic models, such as the modified Langmuir fractional surface coverage model and the parabolic Anderson model, in our numerical experiments to confirm the theoretical convergence rates.