Blockchain technology for food supply chain traceability using a systematic literature review and co-word analysis

Abstract

Blockchain technology has gained growing scholarly and industrial attention for its ability to improve transparency, optimize operational efficiency, and support food safety protocols in food supply chain (FSC) traceability systems. Yet, despite this fast rise in prominence, current scholarly discourse demonstrates a noticeable gap in knowledge regarding the systemic implementation and wider implications of blockchain in FSC traceability. To fill this research gap, the present study delivers what is, to the best of our knowledge, the first large-scale bibliometric examination exclusively focused on blockchain-enabled FSC traceability. Using 620 publications indexed in the Scopus database, this study maps the intellectual structure of the field and traces the evolution of research themes concerning blockchain-enabled traceability. The review uncovers several dominant thematic trajectories. More specifically, the adoption of blockchain with complementary advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) has become a focal trend. Concurrently, blockchain acts as a mechanism to mitigate concerns related to food safety, authenticity, security, and sustainable supply governance. The findings illustrate the multifaceted utility of blockchain in FSC traceability and signal its potential to impact future trends in supply chain management. Overall, this article addresses a critical gap in the current literature and lays a foundation for further interdisciplinary exploration. By aligning theoretical discourse with practical relevance, the review aims to contribute to the development of transparent, efficient, and sustainable food supply systems, thereby supporting global food safety and security objectives.