Decentralisation and Tribal Self-Governance: An Empirical Assessment of the Mara Autonomous District Council in Mizoram

Abstract

Decentralized governance in Northeast India represents a unique constitutional experiment designed to protect tribal identity while accelerating localized socio-economic progress. This research paper investigates the structural mechanics, functional efficiency, and developmental outcomes of the Mara Autonomous District Council (MADC) situated in the Siaha district of Mizoram. Operating under the administrative provisions of the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India, MADC functions as a sub-national democratic institution addressing local infrastructure, education, forestry, and traditional jurisprudence. Utilizing an empirical and secondary data framework across six core analytical dimensions—geographic dispersion, political representation, financial allocations, institutional capacity, judicial dispute resolution, and rural welfare schemes—this study evaluates the degree to which administrative devolution bridges rural development gaps. The findings highlight that while MADC successfully safeguards indigenous customary laws and delivers grassroots justice, structural challenges such as fiscal dependency on state and central transfers, administrative overlap, and geographical isolation constrain its full developmental potential. The paper concludes with actionable policy recommendations to optimize local fiscal autonomy, enhance transparency, and improve governance delivery in southern Mizoram.