SmartFlex: An Adaptive Lumbar Support System Based on Posture Recognition and Air Bag Array

Abstract

Low back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of disability worldwide and affects populations ranging from working adults to students with prolonged sitting habits. Conventional lumbar support belts are generally static and non-adaptive, which limits their ability to accommodate dynamic postural changes and individualized comfort requirements. This paper presents SmartFlex, an intelligent wearable lumbar support system that integrates real-time posture recognition with an adaptive air bag array. The system uses a JY901S gyroscope sensor to detect user posture and a lightweight TinyML neural network deployed on an Arduino R4 UNO to process posture data at the edge. Based on the recognized posture state, a closed-loop pneumatic control system dynamically inflates or deflates 14 distributed air bags through four independent micro air pumps to provide targeted biomechanical support. Evaluation results show that SmartFlex achieves over 94% posture recognition accuracy and generates corresponding pressure-control commands with a sensing-to-command delay of less than 120 ms. The pneumatic system operates within a calibrated pressure range of 15-85 kPa. A user study with 20 participants produced a 4.5/5 rating for support effectiveness, suggesting that adaptive wearable support may improve daily sitting comfort and reduce lumbar fatigue.