Simulation and Analysis of a Solar-Powered Electric Vehicle Charging Station Based on MPPT

Abstract

As electric vehicles (EVs) are rapidly increasing, the need for clean, efficient, and grid-independent EV charging stations is growing. Existing charging stations are prone to efficiency degradation, voltage fluctuation and low flexibility to changing solar irradiance. In this research, a PV-Storage-based EV charging infrastructure combined with a boost converter besides a hybrid maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm (P&O and PID) is introduced. This system is capable of providing stable charging and high efficiency of power conversion under different operating conditions. The simulation has demonstrated the peak efficiency of 92.3%, MPPT tracking efficiency of 98.5%, and the voltage gain ratio of 6.73, which allows the system to deliver a high output above 250 V even with low irradiance (720 W/m²). The hybrid MPPT approach significantly reduces the oscillations and response time, given that the hybrid approach converges more quickly than conventional approaches. The robustness and scalability of the system is validated through benchmarking with the latest state-of-the-art (2020-2025). The findings confirmed the system as viable and sustainable for next-generation EV charging infrastructure, which is promising for energy security, less reliance on the traditional grid and promoting a more efficient renewable energy utilization. Future research will take into account the hardware implementation of the system using WBG devices with hybrid renewable energy sources and vehicle-to-grid (V2) energy exchange for improving the resilience and adaptability of the system.