$\mathcal{P}(\Phi)_2$ Theory from many-body quantum Gibbs states

Abstract

We derive the $\mathcal{P}(\Phi)_2$ measure on the two-dimensional unit torus as the rigorous limit of many-body quantum Gibbs states. In particular, the quantum model corresponding to the $\Phi^{2p}_2$ measure is formulated in the grand-canonical ensemble with a general symmetric $p$-body interaction potential which is not required to have a factorized form. Unlike in the $\Phi^4_2$ case investigated by Fr\"ohlich--Knowles--Schlein--Sohinger in \cite{FKSS25}, in the treatment of higher-order interactions, Wick renormalization generates a full hierarchy of lower-order interactions which we organize systematically using a graphical formalism. One key ingredient of our analysis is a logarithmic stability estimate for both the nonlocal Hartree functional and the many-body Hamiltonian that is uniform in the interaction range, allowing us to use the positivity of the leading $p$-body interaction to control all lower-order terms generated by the Wick counterterms.