Aug 2026· Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Electrochemical Analysis and Applications
Abstract
Electroanalytical chemistry reads chemistry through the electrode: the family of methods—polarography, cyclic voltammetry, and impedance spectroscopy—that make the current's response to a programmed potential a quantitative and mechanistic language. This article presents a narrative review of the primary literature that built that language, from Faraday's 1834 electrical decomposition and Nernst's 1889 electromotive activity, through Heyrovský and Shikata's 1925 polarograph and Ilkovič's 1934 diffusion-current equation, Randles's 1948 cathode-ray polarography and Ševčík's 1948 triangular-wave analysis, Nicholson and Shain's 1964 theory of stationary electrode polarography, whose cyclic voltammetry's peaks became the field's fingerprints, Kolthoff and Lingane's 1952 Polarography and Delahay's 1954 instrumental methods, Bard and Faulkner's 2001 Electrochemical Methods, the codifying textbook, and the impedance line of Epelboin, Keddam, and Takenouchi's 1972 reaction models and Orazem and Tribollet's 2008 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. The synthesis is organized around three themes: the thermodynamic and polarographic foundation, in which the electrode's equilibrium and diffusion currents were formalized; the voltammetric settlement, in which the sweep's peaks acquired their theory and their diagnostic power; and the impedance extension, in which the frequency domain separated the interface's processes. It is concluded that electroanalysis's century is the electrode's conversion into an instrument—its current a language whose grammar the corpus wrote.
A rational design for next-generation thermo-responsive nanocarriers is proposed, in which polymer chemistry, nanoparticle structure, experimental characterization, and mechanistic modelling are integrated from the earliest stages of material development.
M. Schifone, Giuseppe Nunziata, Filippo Rossi· Advances in Colloid and Inte...· 2 citations
This paper describes the formulation of a numerical model for simulating environmentally driven one-dimensional (1D) ground movements of expansive clay. The formulation is based on a finite-element model that simulates the redistribution of matric suction through a diffusion-type equation, explicitly accounting for volume changes due to wetting and drying of the clay. We synthesize and modify highly nonlinear constitutive relationships for (1) hysteretic soil water retention; (2) reversible soil shrinkage and expansion of clay; and (3) hydraulic conductivity, explicitly incorporating desiccation cracks through a multidomain framework and assuming a critical surface crack depth. These models are well-calibrated to published laboratory tests on a reference expansive clay, Denver bentonite. We demonstrate capabilities of the proposed formulation to simulate the response of a homogeneous expansive clay to periods of drying and wetting, considering the initial matric suction, saturated hydraulic conductivity of the intact clay, and critical crack depth as three primary sources of uncertainty. We compare ensemble model simulations with measured ground movements from an instrumented expansive clay test site in Texas over a 3-year period using detailed records of potential evapotranspiration and precipitation. By assigning weights to the ensemble simulations based on their performance, we constrain the ranges of the three key uncertain parameters. The results showed very reasonable first-order agreement with the measured data and highlight the potential of the proposed formulation. We anticipate that more reliable predictions can be achieved through direct measurements of actual in situ evaporation rates and local soil properties.
Mahdi Seyyedan, Jiali Ma, Ivo Rosa Montenegro et al.· Journal of Geotechnical and...· 1 citation
This paper examines whether differences in the speed with which traded assets respond to a common market shock can predict subsequent relative returns. The framework combines a lagged rolling factor model with Absorption Gap (AG), which measures an asset’s response error, and Shock Coherence (SC), which characterizes the contemporaneous market state. The public specification is evaluated using executable next-open timing, explicit transaction costs, dependence-aware inference, randomized-signal benchmarks, chronological diagnostics, and machine-learning extensions. The study uses 24 ETFs from 4 January 2010 through 28 August 2026, with eight factor proxies excluded from the 16-asset traded cross-section. The corrected public baseline produces a combined Rank IC of -0.00592, an approximately flat zero-cost gross result, and materially negative performance after transaction costs. A within-date randomized-signal benchmark yields an empirical two-sided p-value of 0.299, while standalone Absorption Gap, coherence-conditioned tests, chronological subsamples, and machine-learning models provide no robust evidence of economically viable public alpha. The contribution is therefore methodological as much as empirical: the paper connects an economic hypothesis about heterogeneous information absorption to an executable trading test, documents why the disclosed implementation fails, separates diagnostic and exploratory analysis from confirmatory evidence, and establishes a reproducible public baseline while keeping the proprietary alpha layer outside the evidence package.
Khaybullina Alina· Zenodo (CERN European Organi...· 0 citations
What if pathology foundation models could do more with less? GigaPath-Flash and GigaTIME-Flash cut computational demands while maintaining strong performance, opening the door to larger studies and broader exploration. The post GigaPath-Flash and GigaTIME-Flash: Toward population-scale discovery with efficient pathology foundation models appeared first on Microsoft Research.