Toward a New Generation of AI‐Enabled Wearable Sensors

Abstract

Wearable sensors have emerged as important platforms for noninvasive, real‐time, and continuous monitoring of physiological information, with growing applications in personalized healthcare, human‐machine interfaces (HMIs), and robotic empowerment. Recent advances in flexible and stretchable materials, device integration, and data‐driven analysis have substantially expanded their functionality, wearability, and practical utility. In particular, artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming wearable sensors from passive data‐acquisition devices into intelligent systems capable of signal interpretation, feature extraction, pattern recognition, and decision support. Meanwhile, progress in flexible substrates, functional sensing materials, and hybrid device architectures has enabled lightweight, conformal, and mechanically compliant wearable systems with improved signal quality and long‐term usability. In this review, wearable sensors are discussed in three major categories: biophysical, biochemical, and electrophysiological sensors. We summarize recent developments in their material foundations, sensing mechanisms, and representative device designs, and further highlight their emerging applications in personalized healthcare, human‐machine interaction, and robotic empowerment. Finally, current challenges and future opportunities in materials design, device integration, and AI‐enabled analysis are discussed.