Reusable Modular Wearable Bioelectronics for Low-Carbon Task-Adaptive Health Monitoring.

Abstract

Wearable bioelectronics are increasingly expected to support personalized, multiparametric, and closed-loop health monitoring, yet most systems rely on monolithic integration that limits task adaptability and increases hardware redundancy and environmental burden. Here, we present a reusable modular wearable platform that decouples a common digital back end from interchangeable analog front-end and sensing modules. This architecture enables on-demand reconfiguration across electrophysiological, mechanical, thermal, and electrochemical monitoring tasks without redesigning the complete system. Manufacturing-stage carbon-footprint analysis shows that selective reuse of carbon-intensive back-end electronics reduces emissions compared with monolithic integration, with greater benefits as task complexity increases. The platform captures muscle activity, heart-rate dynamics, electroencephalogram α-band features, body temperature, tactile, and glucose levels and wirelessly links physiological sensing to a stretchable chip-on-array LED display for real-time on-skin visualization and threshold-triggered alerts. This work provides a reusable, task-adaptive, and low-carbon hardware framework for scalable personalized wearable bioelectronics.