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The Best of Both Worlds? The Validity of Mixed-Reality Vehicles for Human-Centered Automotive Research

Sep 2026 · Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications · pp. 284-295 · 0 citations · 19 references

TL;DR

This study compared three test environments — real traffic, an MRV setup, and a high-fidelity driving simulator — in evaluating a novel driver assistance system and demonstrated absolute validity in measuring cognitive load and acceptance (usefulness) of the system.

Abstract

Over the past decades, driving simulators have undergone rapid improvements but remain limited by their restricted motion space, preventing a full replication of real driving sensations. Mixed-Reality Vehicles (MRVs), which combine a real car with a virtual environment via a head-mounted display, offer a promising alternative with enhanced physical validity. This study compared three test environments — real traffic, an MRV setup, and a high-fidelity driving simulator — in evaluating a novel driver assistance system. Both MRV and driving simulator demonstrated absolute validity in measuring cognitive load and acceptance (usefulness) of the system. While the driving simulator generally performed well, the MRV provided valid results across more variables. Additionally, there was no simulator sickness at all in the MRV. Researchers should weigh the benefits against the extra effort required for MRV studies. The presented findings may not generalize to lower-quality simulators.

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