MOF/MXene Composites for Advanced Electrochemical Energy Storage: Transitioning From Laboratory Research to Practical Application
Abstract
Composites of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)/two‐dimensional transition metal carbides/nitrides (MXene) have been widely recognized as promising electrode materials for advanced electrochemical energy storage systems due to their synergistic structural advantages and tunable electrochemical properties. Through comprehensive analysis of the latest MOF/MXene composite systems, this review classifies the composites into three categories, discusses their synthetic strategies, and evaluates them in terms of interfacial bonding strength, structural controllability, and scalability. Emphasis is placed on elucidating the evolution law of the electronic structure at the heterogeneous interface of MOF/MXene composites, which establishes a solid composition–structure–performance relationship for applications in supercapacitors and batteries. Crucially, systematic analysis of the techno‐economic feasibility of large‐scale fabrication, full–life cycle environmental impacts, and industrialization prospects of these composites is presented in this review. Furthermore, innovative design principles guided by density functional theory calculations (DFT) and advanced in situ characterization techniques are proposed, and a road map for the development of next‐generation MOF/MXene material structures tailored to specific applications is outlined. The critical insights and future directions presented herein are intended to accelerate the translation of such hybrid materials from laboratory‐scale research to commercial applications in electrochemical energy storage technologies.