Stakeholder Analysis in Greenbelt Planning for Coastal Disaster Mitigation at Yogyakarta International Airport

Abstract

The Indonesian government has designated many national strategic projects, including Yogyakarta International Airport (YIA), but the area is prone to coastal disasters, specifically abrasion and tsunamis. Greenbelt planning was proposed as a nature-based solution to mitigate these disasters. This study aimed to disclose the planning processes of YIA and the establishment of coastal forest as a greenbelt area, examine stakeholder participation, and identify the strategies used to implement the policy and plan. A total of 36 key informants were interviewed, and the policy documents were studied to analyze 1) chronology of YIA development planning processes, 2) typology of stakeholders, and 3) social network analysis (SNA) and policy strategies in establishing greenbelt area. The results showed that establishing YIA and Greenbelt required a long-term planning horizon passing through three periods between 2011 and 2020, namely Envision, Acceleration, and Mitigation. Five typologies of stakeholders were identified, including policymakers, planners, facilitators, implementers, farmer groups, and academicians. SNA showed that the forestry agency played a significant role in maintaining the communication and networks among the other stakeholders to establish greenbelt. This forestry agency used incentives, such as providing seedlings, technical guidance, and planting and maintenance costs for farmer groups. Government agencies (provincial, district, and village level) generally used a regulatory method (coercion) and dominant information to influence shrimp-pond farmers to leave the pond areas for greenbelt establishment. This study showed the importance of smart coordination in greenbelt planning using multiple strategies when complex problems arise. Received:2025-05-03Revised: 2026-03-05 Accepted: 2026-06-15  Published: 2026-08-05