The Impact of Exports, Imports, Foreign Direct Investment, and Trade Openness on Economic Growth in Iraq: Evidence from the ARDL Approach (2004–2024)

Trade Balance, Economic Growth, and Inclusive Development in Tanzania (1995–2023): An ARDL–ECM Approach with VECM Extensions

This study examines the dynamic relationship between the balance of trade and economic growth in Tanzania using annual data for the period 1995–2023 and applying an ARDL–ECM approach with VECM extensions. Over the study period, Tanzania experienced persistent trade deficits while GDP increased from about USD 5.25 bi...

Globalization and Economic Growth in Nigeria: Analyzing the Roles of FDI Inflows, Trade Liberalization, and External Borrowing in Nigeria

This study examines the impact of globalization on Nigeria’s economic growth, focusing specifically on the roles of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Trade Openness (TO), and External Debt (EXTD) from 1990 to 2023. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Error Correction Model, the empirical findings reveal the...

Foreign Direct Investment, Money Supply, and Economic Growth in Nigeria: Evidence from an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Approach (2010Q1–2023Q4)

Purpose: This study examined the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI), money supply, and economic growth in Nigeria using quarterly data from 2010Q1 to 2023Q4. It addresses the persistent debate and mixed empirical evidence regarding the long-run and short-run effects of FDI and monetary policy on econo...

The Symmetric and Asymmetric Impacts of Foreign Capital Inflows and Trade Openness on Africa’s Economic Growth: Evidence from Linear and Nonlinear Panel ARDL Models

Testing the Export-Led Growth Hypothesis in Nigeria: The Roles of Exports, Imports, and Trade Balance in Economic Growth in the Context of AfCFTA and the 2026 Fiscal Reforms

The study investigated the export-led growth hypothesis in Nigeria by examining the roles of exports, imports, and trade balance in economic growth within the context of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) and the 2026 fiscal reforms. Specifically, the study examined the long-run and short-run relationship...

The Impact of Monetary Policy on Foreign Direct Investment in Nigeria: An Empirical Analysis (1990–2023)

This study examines the relationship between monetary policy variables and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows in Nigeria over 1990–2023 (34 annual observations). Unit-root tests (including the Zivot-Andrews test, which allows for an unknown structural break) confirm that FDI, the exchange rate, money supply, and G...