Factors Related to Social Disconnectedness Among Older Veterans: A Scoping Review.

Abstract

BackgroundOlder U.S. veterans (≥65) experience disproportionately high rates of social isolation and loneliness, yet veteran-specific risk and protective factors remain underexamined.ObjectiveTo synthesize research on social isolation and loneliness among community-dwelling US veterans aged 65+, using the Social Connection Framework to identify structural, functional, and quality-based factors with implications for clinical practice and applied gerontology research.MethodsGuided by PRISMA-ScR, the review searched three databases (2004-2025), screened 6,835 articles, and peer-reviewed studies assessed social isolation or loneliness among veterans aged ≥65. Thirty-two studies met the inclusion criteria.ResultsMost studies examined a single domain: structural (38%), functional (34%), or quality (19%). Structural indicators reflected limited engagement and smaller networks. Functional factors emphasized perceived support and emotional trust. Quality factors aligned with wellbeing. Depression, anxiety, and PTSD were more common with low integration, whereas resilience aligned with emotional ties and perceived inclusion.