Jul 2026· Sri Lanka Journal of Psychiatry· Vol 17, pp. 71-73· 0 citations· 5 references
TL;DR
The need to consider autoimmune encephalitis in new-onset psychiatric presentations with neurological features in a 27-year-old pregnant female presenting with first-episode mania and recurrent seizures is highlighted.
Abstract
Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is the most common subtype of autoimmune encephalitis, predominantly affecting young females and often presenting with psychiatric symptoms, leading to diagnostic challenges. We report a 27-year-old pregnant female presenting with first-episode mania and recurrent seizures. During hospitalisation, she developed drowsiness, orofacial dyskinesia and emerging catatonia, raising suspicion of autoimmune encephalitis. Initial EEG, MRI brain and CSF studies were normal, but CSF testing later confirmed anti-NMDA receptor antibodies. She was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone followed by mycophenolate mofetil resulting in significant recovery. This case highlights the need to consider autoimmune encephalitis in new-onset psychiatric presentations with neurological features.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis represents the leading cause of severe encephalitis in the pediatric population. Recurrence of clinical manifestations is rarely observed. Recurrence is thought to result from secondary autoimmune processes rather than active viral infection. One of the most common etiologies of...
B. Gokcay, Safa Mete Dagdas, Mehmet Semiz et al.· Pediatric Academic Case Repo...· 0 citations
Findings support the possibility that anti-mGluR1 encephalitis may, in rare instances, present with predominant brainstem involvement and testing for anti-mGluR1 antibodies may be considered in patients with otherwise unexplained subacute inflammatory brainstem syndromes.
This case underscores the importance of considering autoimmune encephalitis in young patients presenting with new-onset psychosis, in the apparent absence of malignancy, and a high index of suspicion and early CSF evaluation can prevent diagnostic delay and improve patient outcomes.
First-line immunotherapy (steroids, IVIg), with escalation to rituximab in resistant cases, and anti-NMDAR antibody-positive AE with features of Kluver-Bucy syndrome are reported.
N. Manoj Kumar, A. Kumar, Vignesh Anbalagan et al.· Neurology India· 0 citations
Background Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is the commonest form of autoimmune encephalitis of childhood. However, little information is captured with formal neuropsychological testing. When the pre-illness history is incomplete, it is also hard to judge how much of the residual picture reflects...
Felipe Dalvi-Garcia, Iolanda de Salles Fonseca Carvalho, Julia Valeriano de Almeida et al.· Brain, Behavior, & Immunity...· 0 citations
