Efficiency and Security Analysis of Self-Hosted Cloud Storage: A Containerized ZTNA, Docker, and PostgreSQL Approach

Abstract

The enforcement of digital sovereignty mandates, specifically Indonesia's Government Regulation No. 71 of 2019, necessitates the adoption of private cloud infrastructures that facilitate strict data localization; however, traditional bare-metal deployments may exhibit less flexibility, while typical containerized solutions may not fully address the database integrity required for institutional scale1. This study proposes a secure, containerized self-hosted cloud architecture integrating Nextcloud, PostgreSQL, and Docker, secured via a Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA) tunnel to achieve a "Closed-Default" security posture. To evaluate this architecture, the system was validated against a traditional bare-metal LAPP (Linux, Apache, PostgreSQL, PHP) stack using a novel Resource Efficiency Index (REI) designed to quantify the computational overhead of compliance alongside network throughput analysis over 50 iterations. Empirical results indicate that while the containerized architecture incurs a tangible virtualization overhead, resulting in a lower Resource Efficiency Index (69.44 vs. 83.51), it maintains statistical performance parity in network throughput (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the proposed architecture achieves superior CPU optimization (0.97% vs. 1.15%) and structurally reduces external attack surfaces. These findings provide a compliant, reproducible blueprint for Indonesian institutions, demonstrating that.