Perubahan Makna Kata Serapan Arab dalam Bahasa Indonesia

Abstract

Language is the primary instrument for constructing and transmitting culture, values, and religious teachings, particularly the Arabic language. In the process of linguistic assimilation, Arabic loanwords undergo semantic changes. Therefore, this study examines Arabic loanwords in the Indonesian language as found in Surah Al-Baqarah verses 142–200. A qualitative approach is employed, utilizing a content analysis model. Data were collected through document analysis and linguistic examination of the text of Surah Al-Baqarah (verses 142–200). Data analysis is grounded in the Semantic Change Theory proposed by Stephen Ullmann. The findings reveal that there are 65 Arabic loanwords from the Qur’an that have undergone semantic changes in Indonesian. These changes fall into five categories: specialization (narrowing of meaning), generalization (broadening of meaning), pure borrowing, radical change, and a combination of narrowing and broadening. The main finding indicates that specialization is the most dominant type of semantic change, accounting for approximately 60% of the total data.