TL;DR
The evidence highlights the value of early intervention and targeting multiple risk factors with both lifestyle and pharmacological strategies to give the best chance of reducing macrovascular complications in the long term.
There are an estimated 9.5 million people living with type 1 diabetes (T1D) globally, with cardiovascular disease (CVD) remaining a major cause of morbidity and mortality despite advances in care. Atherosclerosis occurs earlier in people with T1D and those with T1D-onset in early childhood are at particularly high life...
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a multifactorial cardiometabolic disorder in which dysglycemia coexists with visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, hypertension, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). In this setting, clinical nutrition should be considered a therapeut...
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) frequently coexist and together create a 'triple threat' with dyslipidaemia, enhancing the risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) leads to altered lipid metabolism through insulin resistance, inflammation and oxidative stres...
An overview of domestic and international guidelines for dyslipidemia is provided and the association between dyslipidemia and ischemic stroke is summarized from the perspectives of pathophysiology, pathological findings, and imaging and blood biomarker.
Hypertension in obesity represents a major global health challenge, closely linked to the global epidemics of obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic dysfunction. Excess adiposity contributes to elevated blood pressure through multiple, interrelated mechanisms, including activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone s...
High levels of blood cholesterol are a major risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and require early and consistent utilization of statins as first-line medications to avoid disabling or even deadly consequences. Nevertheless, real-world treatment adherence is significantly lower than that reported in...
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