Reconfigurable Metamaterial-Enhanced Terahertz Patch Antenna in 6G Communication and Biomedical Sensing

Abstract

One enabling technology of sixth-generation wireless networks, as well as high-technology biomedical sensing, is terahertz communication. Nonetheless, traditional patch antennas made of microstrip have low gain, limited bandwidth, and tuning inabilities at THz frequencies. This article presents a reconfigurable terahertz patch antenna with metamaterial enhancements that can operate in dual-mode to enable both high-speed 6G communication and low-power biomedical sensing. It is a design with a metasurface superstrate (split-ring resonator array) and a defected ground structure to optimize gain and bandwidth. Bias-controlled tuning is used to provide reconfigurability of frequencies in the THz band. The simulation (CST/HFSS) shows enhanced performance with gain of over 10 dBi, broadband impedance range and constant radiation. Also, specific absorption rate (SAR) analysis ensures safe operation in biomedical use. The proposed antenna offers a small, powerful and versatile solution to next generation communication and health care systems.