Sep 2026· Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Theoretical and Computational Physics
Abstract
We study a discrete relational event–field model generated from a K5K_5 seed by local degree-four K4K_4 vertex replacement, with conserved positive vertex charge, positive lapse, a clock-weighted stochastic rewrite law, quadratic graph energy, and a local massless carrier. For the fully synchronous hierarchy, we derive exact vertex and edge counts, graph diameter, a complete Laplacian spectral recursion, an exact constrained coarse operator, and an exact recursive four-port Dirichlet–to–Neumann representation. The stochastic event law is exactly closed under genealogy aggregation, while a conserved-charge tagged lineage admits an explicit pure-birth representation. For the frozen, positively and locally weighted carrier, a localized velocity impulse at graph distance dd first produces a nonzero response at Taylor order 2d+12d+1, recovering combinatorial graph distance as a threshold-free propagation-order metric. Exact min-plus closures compute the same distance hierarchically. Finite asynchronous ensembles are reported explicitly as finite-size numerical evidence. Physical length per graph hop, asynchronous metric-ball dimension, complete finite coarse closure, and a calibrated continuum force law remain open.
This publication proposes a definition and a classification of agile software development approaches and analyses ten software development methods that can be characterized as being "agile" against the defined criterion.
P. Abrahamsson, O. Salo, Jussi Ronkainen et al.· arXiv.org· 727 citations· ⚡54
The study shows that agile practices improve both informal and formal communication, but indicates that, in larger development situations involving multiple external stakeholders, a mismatch of adequate communication mechanisms can sometimes even hinder the communication.
M. Pikkarainen, Jukka Haikara, O. Salo et al.· Empirical Software Engineeri...· 401 citations· ⚡48
The results indicate that software engineering work practices are chosen opportunistically, adapted and configured to provide value under the constrains imposed by the startup context.
Nicolò Paternoster, Carmine Giardino, M. Unterkalmsteiner et al.· Information and Software Tec...· 394 citations· ⚡54
The perception of the impact of agile methods is predominantly positive, and several challenge areas were discovered, but based on this study, agile methods are here to stay.
M. Laanti, O. Salo, P. Abrahamsson· Information and Software Tec...· 260 citations· ⚡20
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