BARRIERS TO BREAST CANCER DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: AN INTEGRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Introduction: Breast cancer represents a significant public health issue, particularly in developing countries, where structural, social, economic, and cultural factors hinder early diagnosis and the timely initiation of treatment. Objective: To identify, in the scientific literature, the main barriers faced by women with breast cancer regarding diagnosis and oncological treatment. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review conducted using the MEDLINE/PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS databases between December 2024 and March 2025. Studies published in Portuguese, English, and Spanish that were available in full text and relevant to the topic were included. After applying eligibility criteria, the final sample consisted of 14 articles. Results and Discussion: The studies revealed that the primary barriers to breast cancer diagnosis and treatment included difficulties with mammography screening, organizational failures in public health systems, care delays, sociodemographic vulnerabilities, misinformation, stigma, and geographic and economic obstacles, as well as the influence of family dynamics and gender inequalities on self-care and the pursuit of medical assistance. Analysis of these findings demonstrates that such barriers are multifactorial and interdependent, reflecting structural inequalities in access to care and compromising opportunities for timely diagnosis and treatment. Conclusion: Addressing barriers to breast cancer diagnosis and treatment requires integrated strategies, including strengthening the healthcare network, health education, reducing social inequalities, and expanding timely access to oncological care.