A multifunctional injectable hydrogel accelerates infected diabetic wound healing by modulating the wound microenvironment.

Abstract

Bacterial infection and oxidative stress are critical factors affecting diabetic wound healing. Regulating the wound microenvironment by suppressing bacterial infection, oxidative stress, while promoting angiogenesis presents a major challenge in diabetic wound healing. Through Schiff base crosslinking between dihydrocaffeic acid-modified chitosan (HCA) and oxidized dextran (ODX), a three-dimensional network structure of injectable hydrogel (CSDX3) was constructed, enabling controlled sustained release of loaded copper ions. In vitro results indicate that the CSDX3 hydrogel exhibits excellent antibacterial, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, and angiogenic properties. The hydrogel CSDX3 accelerates the healing of diabetic wounds in vivo by reducing inflammation, stimulating angiogenesis, and enhancing collagen fiber deposition. Therefore, this multifunctional injectable hydrogel offers an effective treatment option for diabetic wounds.