Novel Application of a Greenly Synthesized Biopolymer as an Azithromycin Drug Delivery System Against Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella

Abstract

Bacterium multidrug resistance are significant health concerns. Antimicrobial resistance, also referred to as AMR, is a significant worldwide health concern exacerbated by the misuse and overuse of antibiotics across multiple industries, resulting in the proliferation of resistant microbes. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) confirms the imperative necessity of health-related solutions. The present investigation evaluated the generation of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) utilizing the bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas. The mixed fermentation demonstrating the best yield 42.2% compared to other cultures. The production identified by IR and HPLC indicated a singular signal with an average retention time of 1.57 minutes, indicating the analysis results for standard PHB and the sample at the same retention time. The co-polymer was effectively synthesized from PHB and PEG, and the drug encapsulation efficiency was around 45.3%. Additionally, concerning the totality of the carrier exhibiting 25.4% mg. The drug loading efficiency of AZI-PHB-PEG was superior to that of blank particles. Exhibiting the maximum release from microspheres, the starting point release of 18% occurring within the first two hours During the subsequent 4 to 8 hours, the dialysis bag method was employed to illustrate the release of Azithromycin. This release was achieved using a solution with a pH of 7.4, identified as the optimal swelling medium for the polymer. The synthesized co-polymer was characterized using X-ray diffraction and the Fourier transformation in infrared spectroscopy. The XRD sample, when thoroughly packed, exhibited distinguishing characteristics as the peak intensity increased with a higher percentage of crystalline Azithromycin dihydrate within the polymer network. The antibacterial effectiveness of the bio-polymer drug delivery system was assessed against bacterial strains about 71% of those strains were responsive to all dosages, as groups with higher of MIC. Generally. Fisher’s exact test indicated that DDS was substantially more efficacious than Azithromycin (p = 0.021). This work is the first to report the preparation of an azithromycin-loaded PHB–PEG delivery system for use against Salmonella, which provides a new drug-polymer formulation to be tested for its antimicrobial potential.