Platelet Lysate-Based Biomaterials for Regenerative Tissue Engineering: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Abstract Platelet lysate (PL), enriched with growth factors, cytokines, and proteins, exhibits strong regenerative potential, positioning it as a promising bioactive agent in tissue engineering (TE). This review systematically summarizes the research progress, applications, and mechanisms of PL-loaded biomaterials in TE. PL-integrated carriers, including hydrogels, scaffolds, and nanoparticles, transform labile liquid PL into stable, tunable platforms that retain its capacities to promote cell proliferation, angiogenesis, immunomodulation, and tissue repair, while enabling spatiotemporal control of efficacy. These composites have demonstrated significant outcomes in wound healing, bone and cartilage repair, neural regeneration, and ocular disease treatment. Critical limitations are addressed, including unstandardized PL preparation, potential immune and metabolic risks, short half-life of active factors, and slow clinical translation. Proposed solutions encompass unified production guidelines, optimized carrier-based sustained-release systems, and large-scale clinical trials. Future research should prioritize interdisciplinary collaboration to enhance precision and translatability, establishing PL-based systems as core modular platforms in regenerative medicine.