Advanced Wind-solar-battery Hybrid System Optimization for Grid Stability in Coastal Regions: A Comprehensive Numerical Investigation and Experimental Validation

Abstract

This comprehensive research presents an in-depth investigation into the optimization of hybrid Wind-Solar-Battery (WSB) energy systems for enhanced grid stability and reliability in coastal regions, with specific focus on Mediterranean climate conditions. The study develops a sophisti-cated dynamic energy management model that integrates probabilistic forecasting, state-of-charge optimization, and grid frequency regulation strategies to evaluate system performance across multiple operational scenarios. The model incorporates time-dependent renewable generation profiles, battery degradation dynamics, and realistic grid integration constraints representing typical coastal microgrid applications. Validation against experimental data (2021-2024) demonstrates high accuracy with root-mean-square error (RMSE) values below 5.2% for both power output and state-of-charge predictions. Extensive parametric studies were conducted to assess the impact of critical operational variables including wind speed (4-12 m/s), solar irradiance (200-1000 W/m 2 ), battery capacity (100-500 kWh), and load demand variability (20-100% of rated capacity) on system performance metrics. Results indicate that the optimized WSB configu-ration achieves a grid stability index of 98.7% under peak variability conditions, representing a 41% improvement over standalone renewable systems operating under identical conditions. The re-newable penetration reaches 89.5% through intelligent energy management, while battery cycle life extends by 32% across the operational spectrum. Optimal battery dispatch was systematically identified through model predictive control, balancing grid support against degradation costs. The study introduces a novel multi-objective performance index combining grid stability, economic factors, and battery health, providing a holistic assessment tool for WSB system deployment. Comparative analysis with conventional hybrid systems reveals that WSB systems offer 25-38% higher grid support capability and 18-27% better economic returns over a 15-year lifecycle in coastal regions. The research concludes with practical implementation guidelines and policy rec-ommendations for integrating WSB systems into existing grid infrastructure. The developed model serves as a robust tool for system sizing, energy management optimization, and reliability prediction, contributing significantly to the advancement of resilient renewable energy systems in coastal environments.