Emotional Dynamics as a Transdiagnostic Factor Associated With Internalizing Problems in Emerging Adults

Abstract

Emotion regulation difficulties are closely linked to internalizing problems, yet few studies have examined both regulation strategies and affective dynamics simultaneously, particularly among emerging adults in Global South contexts. This study examined associations among emotional dysregulation, maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, affective variability and instability, and internalizing problems. The sample comprised 124 Uruguayan emerging adults aged 18–29 who completed self-report measures of internalizing problems (depression, anxiety, and stress), emotional dysregulation, and maladaptive strategies. Ecological momentary assessment data collected over 14 days were available for 98 participants. Higher negative affect variability and instability were associated with greater internalizing symptoms. Emotional dysregulation, especially limited access to adaptive strategies, was related to depression, anxiety, and stress. Avoidance and rumination showed positive associations, whereas suppression showed negative associations with depression and stress. Cluster analyses identified two emotional profiles differing in internalizing symptom severity. These findings highlight key transdiagnostic processes underlying internalizing problems in emerging adults.