Effect of Nanoemulsions of Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium and Oenothera biennis Flowers Against the West Nile Virus Vector, Culex pipiens, with Phytochemical Profile
Findings highlight C. cinerariaefolium nanoemulsion as a promising eco-friendly alternative for mosquito control and disrupted key metabolic and antioxidant enzymes in mosquito larvae.
Abstract
Simple Summary This study evaluated flower extracts of Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium and Oenothera biennis against Culex pipiens larvae. Nanoemulsion formulations showed stronger larvicidal activity, particularly the C. cinerariaefolium nanoemulsion (LC50 = 26.63 ppm). The treatments disrupted key metabolic and antioxidant enzymes in mosquito larvae. These findings highlight C. cinerariaefolium nanoemulsion as a promising eco-friendly alternative for mosquito control.
In vitro cytotoxic analysis of L929 mouse cell lines using the plant extract proved safe for non-target organisms, higher vertebrates, and the presence of secondary metabolites that may have contributed to its insecticidal activity was revealed.
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Leaf spot and flower blight caused by
Alternaria tenuissima
are economically important disease of marigold, resulting in significant reduction in flower yield and quality. The present study evaluated the in vitro efficacy of fifteen fungicides, including contact, systemic, and ready-mix formulations, against
A. te...
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