TL;DR
Additional research is needed to definitively establish them as human carcinogens, with priority given to standardized biomonitoring, internal-dose metrics, environmentally realistic mixtures, long-term cancer models, prospective cancer cohorts, and intervention studies that connect source reduction to validated changes in human MNP burden.
Findings support the biological plausibility that chronic MP exposure could influence carcinogenic processes, but evidence establishing a causal association remains inadequate, and well-designed mechanistic, epidemiological, and longitudinal investigations are needed to guide evidence-based policies.
Current evidence supports the biological plausibility of an association between microplastic exposure and reproductive cancer-related processes, while highlighting the need for standardized methodologies and well-designed longitudinal human studies to clarify potential health risks.
Obesity is a rapidly growing global health concern. The pathogenesis is complex and cannot be fully explained by lifestyle factors alone. The increasing attention towards this concern has finally been directed towards environmental contributors which may influence metabolic regulation. Microplastics and nano-plastics (...
BACKGROUND Microplastics and nanoplastics are ubiquitous environmental contaminants, and human exposure via ingestion and inhalation is increasingly recognized. Numerous studies report microplastics in human tissues and biological fluids, yet the biological relevance and robustness of these findings remain uncertain. T...
Current evidence supports the biological plausibility of systemic effects associated with MNP exposure but is insufficient to establish causal relationships between chronic dietary exposure and specific human diseases.
Current evidence regarding the presence of MNPs in the human cardiovascular system, their proposed mechanisms of toxicity, and their possible association with adverse cardiovascular outcomes are summarized.
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