Osmotic demyelinating syndrome

Abstract

Osmotic demyelinating syndrome (ODS) is a rare disorder that occurs when the osmotic pressure of the blood changes rapidly and leads to serious neurological disorders. Purpose : to conduct a review of literary sources of domestic and foreign authors examining ODS, and also to describe it using the example of our own clinical observation. Material and methods . A review of literary sources in Russian and English for the period 2015–2025 was conducted, using the RSCI and PubMed databases. A clinical case of a patient with ODS is presented. Results . A clinical case of osmotic demyelination syndrome is presented. Modern neuroimaging studies confi rmed central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis. Neuroimaging and laboratory tests enabled the timely detection of severe multiorgan damage. This case highlights the need for timely diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach to the management of this pathology. Conclusion. This clinical case highlights the complexity of diff erential diagnosis and the need for a comprehensive assessment of the patient’s condition, including additional diagnostic methods. The importance of interdisciplinary collaboration is evident, ensuring adequate disease management and improving treatment outcomes.