Dietary magnesium intake modified association between visceral adiposity index and chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study
TL;DR
Higher VAI is significantly associated with an increased risk of CKD among U.S. adults with low dietary magnesium intake andequate magnesium consumption may attenuate the adverse association between visceral adiposity and kidney health.
Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is considered as one of the major global public health concerns.The visceral adiposity index (VAI), a marker of visceral fat dysfunction, has been associated with CKD in pre-vious reports; however, evidence from U.S. populations remains limited. In addition, the potential modifyingrole of dietary magnesium intake in this association is not well understood. This study aimed to investigatethe relationship between VAI and CKD among U.S. adults and to explore whether dietary magnesium intakemodifies this association. Methods: A total of 2,616 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES) between 2003 and 2018 were included in this retrospective study. The association between VAIand CKD was evaluated using curve-fitting analyses, multivariable logistic regression models, and subgroupanalyses stratified by dietary magnesium intake. Results: A significant positive relation between VAI and CKD was observed only among individuals withlow dietary magnesium intake. In this group, each one-unit increase in VAI was associated with higher oddsof CKD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–1.18; P < 0.001) after adjustment forpotential confounders. In contrast, no significant relation was observed among individuals with high dietarymagnesium intake (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.96–1.10; P = 0.252). Conclusions: Higher VAI is significantly associated with an increased risk of CKD among U.S. adults with lowdietary magnesium intake. Adequate magnesium consumption may attenuate the adverse association betweenvisceral adiposity and kidney health.