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Deep learning-based integration of multi-GNSS radio occultation using LSTM for global electron density modeling

Aug 2026 · Astrophysics and Space Science · Vol 371 · 0 citations · 38 references

TL;DR

A long short-term memory (LSTM)-based framework for global three-dimensional electron density (Ne) modeling, using long-term multi-GNSS radio occultation observations with solar and geomagnetic activity indices is developed, with LSTM yielding the lowest overall error.

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