Nanomedicine applications in lymphoma: Advancing precision diagnostics, targeted therapeutics, and prospective developments
TL;DR
An overview of nanotechnology‐enabled strategies for the treatment of lymphoma is provided, including antibody–drug and radioimmunoconjugates, liposomal and albumin‐based drug carriers, aptamer‐guided systems, photothermal and photodynamic platforms, exosomes and liquid‐biopsy nanoprobes, mRNA/lipid nanoparticle strategies, and AI‐guided design.
Abstract
Lymphomas represent a biologically diverse group of B‐, T‐, and NK‐cell malignancies, where challenges such as relapse, drug resistance, treatment‐related toxicity, sanctuary‐site disease, and variable antigen expression continue to impede therapeutic outcomes, despite significant advancements in immunotherapy. Nanomedicine presents a strategic approach to enhance drug delivery, target malignant lymphocytes or supportive microenvironmental cells, and integrate molecular imaging with therapy; however, the extent of clinical validation varies considerably across different platforms. This review provides an overview of nanotechnology‐enabled strategies for the treatment of lymphoma, including antibody–drug and radioimmunoconjugates, liposomal and albumin‐based drug carriers, aptamer‐guided systems, photothermal and photodynamic platforms, exosomes and liquid‐biopsy nanoprobes, mRNA/lipid nanoparticle strategies, and AI‐guided design. We highlight lymphoma‐specific delivery challenges, such as the presence of bulky nodal disease, circulating malignant cells, marrow and CNS involvement, splenic and hepatic sequestration, antigen sinks, and the limited reliability of passive enhanced permeability and retention. Approved and guideline‐supported examples are differentiated from active clinical trials and preclinical‐only concepts to provide a clinically oriented interpretation of the current evidence and future translational priorities.