Patient-reported outcomes and experience measures in the Community Pharmacy setting: Theoretical and practical framework regarding the PROMs and PREMs

Abstract

Abstract Healthcare systems are evolving toward person-centered and value-driven models, in which the patient’s perspective plays a key role. Thus, patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and experience (PRE) are key elements for evaluating the impact of healthcare interventions from the patient’s own perspective. Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) and Patient-Reported Experience Measures (PREMs) are standardized and validated questionnaires designed to measure these variables, which could complement conventional clinical outcomes. This document describes the theoretical foundations of PROM and PREM and proposes a practical framework for their implementation in the field of community pharmacy. The manuscript addresses aspects related to their definition, psychometric properties (validity, reliability, sensitivity to change…), development process, and criteria for selecting the appropriate instrument. It also reviews some available instruments and their applications at the institutional, healthcare, and clinical levels. From a practical perspective, it outlines the key phases for their implementation in pharmaceutical practice (preliminary logistical preparation, initial consultation, and follow-up), highlighting the importance of therapeutic education, data collection infrastructure, and integration into clinical decision-making. The systematic measurement of PROs and PRE in community pharmacy can help improve the quality of care, promote patient engagement, optimize health outcomes, and reinforce the role of the pharmacist as a key healthcare professional in a value-based system.