Bisphenol-A induced kidney damage and the ameliorating role of N-acetylcysteine in rats: histological, biochemical and immunohistochemical study

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a worldwide toxicant which is present in the environment. It is present in many products such as bottles, compact discs, and electronic and medical devices, but they have many side effects on many organs including kidney due to their oxidative stress and cytotoxic influences. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) has been demonstrated to be a good line of treatment due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of the work was to clarify complications of Bisphenol A on the kidney and the possible protective role of N-Acetylcysteine. Rats were equally divided into 3 groups: Control group (group I): this group received water with 0.02% ethanol (vehicle) in water for 4 weeks; BPA group (group II): the animals received Bisphenol-A in drinking water (50 mg/Kg/day) for 4 weeks; BPA + N-Acetylcysteine-treated group (group III): this group received N-Acetylcysteine 100 mg/kg one hour before BPA administration (50 mg/Kg/day) for 4 weeks. These rats were sacrificed 4 weeks later. Blood samples were collected for kidney functions and oxidative stress markers. Kidneys were also examined histologically and immunohistochemically. BPA caused an increase in levels of urea, creatine &MDA and decreased GSH. Also, BPA led to inflammation, degeneration and increased PCNA immunostaining in the kidneys. The administration of N-Acetylcysteine improved the renal morphology and levels of kidney functions, MDA & GSH. N-Acetylcysteine has effective Ameliorating role in treating renal damage caused by BPA.