Phytochemical and Elemental Constituent of Methanolic Extract of Musa acuminata Flower: A Case Study on Median lethal Dose in Albino Rats

Abstract

Background: Medicinal plants are widely used for therapeutic purposes, and the banana plant (Musa acuminata) has multiple traditional applications in Nigeria. However, its flower is often discarded despite potential medicinal value. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical constituents, elemental composition, and acute toxicity of the methanolic extract of Musa acuminata flower to provide scientific evidence supporting its usefulness.Methods: Fresh banana flowers were collected, authenticated, air-dried, pulverized, and extracted using 98% methanol. Phytochemical screening was performed using standard qualitative procedures. Elemental analysis of the ashed sample was conducted using titrimetric and spectrophotometric methods to determine essential macro- and micro-elements. Acute toxicity testing was carried out in albino rats to estimate the median lethal dose (LD??).Results: Phytochemical evaluation revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, terpenoids, anthraquinones, phlobatannins, and carbohydrates. Elemental analysis showed appreciable levels of potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, iron, copper, chloride, and trace amounts of lead. Acute toxicity assessment indicated that the extract was well tolerated at the administered doses, suggesting a high safety margin.Conclusion: Musa acuminata flower contains diverse bioactive compounds and nutritionally relevant elements with potential therapeutic benefits. The observed safety profile and phytochemical richness highlight the value of the banana flower as a potentially useful medicinal resource rather than waste material.