COVID-19 vaccine compliance among pregnant women in Poland during the pandemic

Abstract

This study aimed to assess COVID-19 vaccination adherence and identify the factors associated with vaccine uptake among pregnant women in Poland during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Given the high risk of severe COVID-19 complications, including acute respiratory failure, multiple organ failure, and maternal and neonatal mortality, understanding the factors that influence adherence to immunization guidelines is critical for optimizing maternal–fetal public health strategies. This cross-sectional study analyzed 675 questionnaires collected from women hospitalized in the Department of Neonatology at the University Clinical Center in Gdańsk between November 2021 and February 2022. The analysis evaluated associations between vaccination status and vaccine type and demographic characteristics, place of residence, and obstetric history, including fertility disorders and prior miscarriages. Data revealed that more than 50% of respondents received the COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy. Multivariable analyses showed that lower educational attainment was the most consistent factor associated with lower odds of vaccination. Older age and residence in a large city were associated with higher odds of receving the vaccine in selected models, whereas obstetric history was not significantly associated with vaccination status. While vaccine uptake was moderate, the findings highlight a significant demographic divide. These findings suggest that tailored, evidence-based vaccine communication during antenatal care is particularly relevant for women with lower educational attainment.