INFLUENCE OF AGROCHEMICALS ON GRAIN QUALITY OF EMMER WHEAT (TRITICUM DICOCCUM) IN THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

Abstract

Emmer wheat, as a cereal and food crop, has wide economic significance. Grain quality is determined by numerous factors, including key agronomic practices, variety genetics, regional soil and climatic conditions. This article discusses the use of various doses of mineral fertilizers in conjunction with pre-sowing seed inoculation with biological preparations Azotovit (1 l/t), Rizoagrin (1 l/t) and complex organomineral preparation Biostim Start (1 l/t). The research is consistent with modern resource-saving adaptive technologies with elements of biologization. Experiments were conducted in Sabinskiy municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan on gray forest soils with a heavy loamy texture from 2020 to 2023. pHKCl was close to neutral – 6.2 (GOST 26483-85), humus content according to Tyurin was 3.4%, mobile phosphorus and mobile potassium contents according to Kirsanov were 127 and 138 mg/kg, respectively. Regardless of the mineral nutrition background, seed inoculation with Azotovit increased protein yield by 9%, with Rizoagrin by 17% and with Biostim Start by 25%. The maximum gross harvest of protein and crude fat on average over 4 years was achieved in variant N71P36K58 (3.0 t/ha of grain) + Biostim Start – 1 l/t. The maximum protein content (17.3%) and crude fat (3.53%) in spelt grain was achieved in variant N59P30K48 (3.0 t/ha of grain) + Biostim Start – 1 l/t. The developed spelt cultivation technology ensures the formation of agrocenoses with a stable productivity of at least 2.85 t/ha of high-quality emmer wheat grain with a protein content of 16.5% and increased nutritional value.