TL;DR
This chapter briefly explains how amino acids influence protein structure, then describes the hierarchical levels of protein organization, and illustrates how tertiary and potential quaternary structures form from energy landscapes that direct proper folding.
This framework provides a clearer understanding of how methodological shifts have shaped the capabilities, limitations, and practical roles of recent models.
How experimental structural biology continues to advance plant biology by revealing mechanisms underlying hormone perception, immune receptor activation, transporter function, transporter function, and enzymatic regulation is discussed.
The authors develop a machine learning classifier through the integration of 25,000 proteomics experiments to construct a wiring diagram of human cells, which enables structural modeling of disease-relevant complexes and establishes a highly accurate protein wiring diagram of the cell.
Recent developments in integrative modeling of protein-RNA complexes are reviewed, highlighting advances in in-cell, 4D and condensate structural biology, and how these approaches shape the understanding of RNP assembly, regulation, and function in physiologically relevant environments are discussed.
It is concluded that the early emergence of the Rossmann fold reflects the chemical and physical constraints of protein folding, explaining both its profound antiquity and sustained longevity.
Ruler is a local, browser-based tool that uses inter- residue distance measurements to quickly quantify atomic displacements and map changes in internal geometry across ensembles of related protein structures, enabling rapid identification of regions undergoing coordinated motion, local rearrangement, or large-scale co...
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