A Comprehensive Review of LoRaWAN Technology: Architecture, Performance, Challenges, and Future Research Directions

Abstract

A The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a potential technology to improve the efficiency of numerous areas due to the growing number of devices connected to the internet. In the field of Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN), LoRaWAN is a cutting-edge and well-known communication protocol that is renowned for its capacity to offer long-distance communication with minimal energy usage. However, there are many research challenges associated with the practical implementation of the LoRaWAN protocol, which operates at the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer and is based on the LoRa physical (PHY) layer. These challenges include network congestion, interference, optimal resource allocation, collisions, scalability, and security.The performance of LoRaWAN for Architecture, Performance, Challenges, and Future Research Directions is reviewed in this article.