Regional Role Matching and Energy Temporal Coupling-Based Coordinated Dispatch of Multiple Pumped Storage Plants Under Zonal Transmission Constraints

Abstract

Although large-scale wind and solar power provide green electricity, their intermittency and reverse-peak characteristics pose severe challenges to the secure operation of power systems. Pumped storage hydropower (PSH), as the most mature and economically attractive large-scale energy storage technology, enables temporal energy shifting and serves as a core flexible resource for smoothing renewable fluctuations and peak load shaving. In a new power system dominated by renewables, the reverse distribution between resources and loads gives rise to a typical “three-zone coexistence” pattern, i.e., renewable-rich zones, load centers, and hub zones coexist. However, existing research lacks in-depth modeling of zonal functional differences and fails to reveal the coupling mechanism between inter-zonal section constraints and the temporal energy behavior of pumped storage plants (PSPs). To address these gaps, this paper proposes a zonal-differentiated optimal dispatch model for multiple PSPs considering inter-zonal section constraints. The model establishes a “zonal role–PSP behavior” matching mechanism, assigning differentiated objectives and operational constraints to PSPs located in different zones, and thereby automatically generating charging/discharging strategies that match each zone’s functional positioning. It integrates section power flow constraints with the energy balance equations of PSPs in each zone into a unified framework, quantifying how section congestion restricts the “cross-zone energy shifting” efficiency of PSPs. Furthermore, a congestion-driven adaptive rule is derived from the above coupling framework. Case studies on a three-zone test system demonstrate that the proposed model effectively reduces wind and solar curtailment, alleviates section overloading, and lowers total operating costs, while the adaptive rule provides real-time decision support for dispatchers. The proposed model is applicable to power grids at various levels exhibiting the “three-zone coexistence” characteristic, offering theoretical support and a practical tool for the joint dispatch of multiple PSPs under high-penetration renewable energy integration.