Review on Seismic Behaviour of Building Using Direct Displacement Based Design
Abstract
Abstract - Earthquake-resistant design plays a vital role in improving the safety, stability, and resilience of reinforced concrete (RCC) buildings subjected to seismic loading. In recent years, the Direct Displacement-Based Design (DDBD) methodology has gained considerable attention as a performance-based alternative to the conventional Force-Based Design (FBD) approach. This review paper presents a comprehensive assessment of the principles, design procedures, applications, and seismic performance of DDBD based on published research and established design guidelines. The review critically examines studies comparing DDBD with conventional force-based methods in terms of key seismic performance parameters, including storey displacement, storey drift, base shear, storey shear, and overturning moment. In addition, the application of response spectrum analysis, equivalent single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) modeling, structural analysis software, and spreadsheet-based computational tools used in displacement-based design is discussed. The reviewed literature consistently demonstrates that DDBD provides improved control over structural deformations, more realistic prediction of seismic response, enhanced energy dissipation, and better achievement of predefined performance objectives than conventional force-based design. The review also highlights the current challenges associated with the implementation of DDBD, including its relatively complex design procedure and limited incorporation into design standards. Overall, the findings indicate that DDBD is a promising and reliable methodology for the seismic design of modern RCC multistory buildings and has significant potential for wider adoption in future performance-based earthquake engineering. Key Words: Direct Displacement-Based Design (DDBD), Force-Based Design (FBD), Performance-Based Seismic Design, Reinforced Concrete Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Response Spectrum Analysis, Seismic Performance, Structural Design.