It is demonstrated that a reinforcement-learning agent based on a deep Q learning network can autonomously discover high-performance pulse sequences using only system parameters and a reward function, highlighting adaptive learning as a promising hardware-ready framework for pulse-level quantum control.
Abstract
The Control Variational Quantum Eigensolver (ctrl-VQE) directly optimizes microwave pulses to enable faster and lower-error quantum-state preparation, but its continuous control landscape re- quires efficient search strategies. We demonstrate that a reinforcement-learning agent based on a deep Q learning network can autonomously discover high-performance pulse sequences using only system parameters and a reward function. The approach is fully general for superconducting qubit platforms, requires no ansatz, and operates at nanosecond resolution compatible with hardware con- straints. As a proof of concept, we apply the method to ground-state preparation of the Hydrogen molecule on a simulated superconducting device. The agent consistently identifies optimized control sequences that achieve high fidelity and outperform random-search baselines. These results highlight adaptive learning as a promising hardware-ready framework for pulse-level quantum control.
Numerical results show that the learned architectures recover known benchmark strategies, adapt to dephasing noise, and outperform fixed hardware-efficient ans\"atze while using fewer entangling gates, establishing AutoQSense as a resource-aware approach to adaptive and hardware-compatible quantum sensing.
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