Close Encounters: A Systematic Review of Human-Robot Interaction Self-Report Measures

Abstract

Humans and robots are increasingly coming into contact in unexpected ways as advances in robotics move autonomous machines from the lab to daily living spaces. Despite a wide range of self-report measures being used in human-robot interactions (HRI) research, many instruments are not fully validated or may be only appropriate for a specialized type of robot or interaction. The goal of this paper is to provide a systematic review of validated HRI self-report measures from 2000 to 2025 (n = 96) along with a classification of the purpose of each measure to facilitate researchers evaluating which existing measure might best suit their own study design. In addition, we specifically investigate the selected measures for characteristics that would be appropriate to use in human-robot encounters, which are distinct from human-robot interactions. Based on the systematic review results, we contribute an open-source database of the self-report measures and a set of recommendations for researchers who may be deciding which measures might best fit their study goals. The repository can be accessed at: (https://web.colby.edu/insitelab/hri-repo/)