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Review Open access

Carbon- and boron-based nano-inclusions for thermoelectric nanocomposites: Matrix matching and interface design

Sep 2026 · iScience · Vol 29, pp. 117469 · 0 citations · 76 references
Medicine

Abstract

Summary Nanocomposite engineering offers a route to improve thermoelectric (TE) performance by modifying the coupled transport of charge carriers and phonons. This review examines carbon- and boron-based nanoinclusions across bismuth chalcogenides, Cu2Se, oxide matrices, and flexible polymer- and film-based thermoelectrics, with emphasis on inclusion chemistry, dimensionality, loading, processing route, and interface engineering. Bismuth chalcogenides generally require a narrow loading window because additional interfaces can degrade carrier mobility, whereas Cu2Se more readily accommodates such interfaces and has high zT values > 2. In oxides, improved electrical transport is often insufficient to offset high lattice thermal conductivity, while flexible systems require consideration of power factor, mechanical durability, and device output. Cross-system comparison shows that effective nanoinclusion design depends on balancing phonon suppression with carrier transport and interfacial stability, providing practical guidance for thermoelectric materials and device development.

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