Synergistic Reinforcement of Polypropylene Nanocomposites via Hybrid MWCNT / RGO Networks: Structure–Property–Tribological Performance Relationships
Abstract
The present study deals with polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites reinforced with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO). A constant low filler loading of 1.5% was used individually and in hybrid combinations with different ratios. Twin‐screw extrusion was utilized to fabricate the PP nanocomposites to achieve uniform dispersion. The performance of nanocomposites and their structural property relationships were established via morphological, mechanical, thermal, rheological, and tribological characterizations. Morphological analysis showed better dispersion and formation of a percolated hybrid network at an optimized hybrid filler (MWCNT: RGO) ratio of 80:20. X‐ray diffraction analysis confirmed the retention of the α‐crystalline phase of PP. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis revealed increased crystallinity (35.72%), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed improved thermal stability (degradation temperature of 468.4°C) for the hybrid system. Increased viscosity and strong shear‐thinning behaviors are confirmed through rheological analysis, which indicates the formation of a filler‐induced microstructural network. The hybrid nanocomposite exhibited a 45.3% increase in Young's modulus and a 32.2% increase in tensile strength compared to neat PP. The optimized hybrid system achieved a coefficient of friction of 0.41 ± 0.02 and approximately 97% reduction in wear. The developed material system shows strong potential for advanced lightweight engineering applications.