Diagnostic Value of Atherogenic Indices and Serpin B 13 in Iraqi Type II Diabetic Patients

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common chronic metabolic diseases and is characterized by insulin resistance accompanied by progressive pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction. Alterations in lipid metabolism and emerging circulating biomarkers may provide additional information regarding the metabolic abnormalities associated with T2DM. Objective: The main aim of this study was to explore the diagnostic value of atherogenic indices (AI) and serum serpin B13 in Iraqi patients with T2DM. Methods: This study included 42 individuals with T2DM aged 35–65 years and a control group consisting of 42 healthy individuals matched with T2DM patients for age and body mass index (BMI). Participants were recruited from Yarmouk Teaching Hospital and several private laboratories. Serum serpin B13 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while other biochemical parameters were assessed using enzymatic colorimetric methods. Results: Serum serpin B13 levels (ng/mL) were significantly higher in patients with T2DM than in healthy controls (HCs) (P < 0.0001). All AI variables were also significantly higher in patients with T2DM than in HCs (P < 0.0001). Serpin B13 showed strong positive correlations (r > 0.6) with FSG (mg/dL), HbA1c%, and the TyG index (P < 0.0001), whereas a significant negative correlation was observed between serpin B13 and HDL (mg/dL) (P < 0.0001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated a high discriminatory ability of serpin B13 for distinguishing patients with T2DM from healthy controls, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9527. Conclusion: The present findings indicate that serum serpin B13 levels and atherogenic indices are elevated in Iraqi patients with T2DM. The strong associations of serpin B13 with FSG, HbA1c%, and the TyG index, together with its high AUC value, suggest that serpin B13 may have potential as a biomarker for identifying T2DM. Based on the ROC curve analysis, serum serpin B13, particularly in combination with the TyG index, may provide additional value in distinguishing patients with T2DM from healthy individuals. However, further large-scale prospective studies are required to validate its diagnostic and prognostic utility before clinical implementation.