Beyond conventional healthcare: public knowledge, attitudes, and associated demographic factors of complementary and alternative therapy utilization in the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Background Complementary and alternative therapies (CAT) are increasingly used worldwide as adjuncts to conventional healthcare. Understanding public knowledge, attitudes, and utilization patterns of CAT is essential for promoting safe and informed healthcare decision-making. However, evidence regarding public perceptions and demographic factors associated with CAT utilization in Saudi Arabia remains limited. Aim This study aimed to assess public knowledge and attitudes toward complementary and alternative therapies (CAT), determine the prevalence of CAT utilization, and identify the demographic factors associated with CAT utilization among adults in the Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among adults residing in the Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using a structured online questionnaire assessing participants’ socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and utilization of CAT. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed to examine factors associated with CAT utilization. Results A total of 1,586 participants were included in the study, the majority of whom were female (82.0%) and Saudi nationals (97.1%). Nearly half of the participants were students (48.5%), and 66.1% reported having adequate income. Overall, 62.3% of participants demonstrated adequate knowledge regarding CAT, while 70.1% exhibited positive attitudes toward CAT. More than half of the participants (51.3%) reported previous or current utilization of CAT. No significant differences in CAT utilization were observed according to gender or nationality. However, occupation, income level, marital status, and educational attainment were significantly associated with CAT utilization (p < 0.05). Conclusion Complementary and alternative therapies are widely recognized and utilized among adults in the Qassim Region. Participants generally demonstrated adequate knowledge and positive attitudes toward CAT; however, utilization patterns varied according to several demographic characteristics, particularly occupation, income, marital status, and educational level. These findings highlight the need for targeted public health education programs to promote evidence-based CAT use, improve awareness of potential risks and adverse effects, and support informed healthcare decision-making.