Human being in the digital world as a subject of modern philosophical studies

Abstract

The article analyses the principal interpretations of the phenomenon of digitalisation and its impact on human beings and society. It is noted that digitalisation has only relatively recently become an object of philosophical reflection, which accounts for the wide range of existing interpretations. At one end of this spectrum are approaches characterised by pronounced technological optimism regarding the consequences of the widespread implementation of digital technologies, whereas at the opposite end are positions close to technological alarmism, primarily emphasising the risks and threats associated with contemporary digital transformations. The article demonstrates the limitations of such extreme perspectives and focuses on theoretical approaches that interpret digitalisation as a complex and contradictory process combining both positive and negative effects. It is argued that digital technologies extend not only to the social and cultural environment surrounding human beings but also increasingly affect individuals themselves, transforming forms of activity, communication, cognition, and personal identity. In this context, two possible strategies of interaction between humans and digital technologies are identified: either technologies function as instruments supporting human development and expanding human capabilities, or human beings gradually become elements within techno logically organised systems. At present, no generally accepted theoretical position has emerged concerning the long-term consequences of digitalisation for individuals and society. The study further demonstrates that processes of digitalisation are closely connected with global transformations of the world order and the emergence of new models of social organisation. It is con cluded that further philosophical reflection is required to better understand the anthropological foundations of digital reality and its influence on values, social relations, and future trajectories of human development under conditions of accelerating technological change.